9. Light-Reflection and Refraction

Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects around us. In this lesson, students learn about two important phenomena of light: reflection and refraction. Reflection occurs when light bounces back from a surface, such as a mirror, while refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another, like from air to water or glass.

The chapter explains how images are formed by spherical mirrors and lenses, and introduces important concepts such as focal length, radius of curvature, mirror formula, lens formula, and magnification. Understanding reflection and refraction helps explain many optical devices used in daily life, including cameras, spectacles, microscopes, and telescopes, showing how the behavior of light plays a vital role in science and technology.