7. Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate geometry connects algebra with geometry by representing geometric figures on a coordinate plane. In this system, the position of a point is described by an ordered pair (x, y) on the Cartesian plane, which is formed by two perpendicular lines called the x-axis and y-axis.

 

In this chapter, students learn how to find the distance between two points, the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment, and how a point divides a line segment in a given ratio using the section formula. These concepts help solve geometric problems using algebraic methods and are widely used in maps, navigation, engineering, and computer graphics.