3. Metals and Non-Metals

Elements are broadly classified into metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum are generally lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. In contrast, non-metals like oxygen, sulfur, and carbon are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. These differences help us understand why metals are widely used in construction, electrical wiring, and machinery, while non-metals are important in life processes and chemical industries.

This lesson also explains how metals and non-metals react with oxygen, water, acids, and other substances. Students learn about the reactivity series of metals, which helps predict how easily a metal reacts and how it can be extracted from its ores. Understanding the properties and reactions of metals and non-metals helps students see how these elements are used in technology, industry, and everyday life.